What is Catnip?

Catnip, scientifically known as Nepeta cataria, is a herbaceous plant that belongs to the mint family (Lamiaceae). It is native to Europe and Asia, but it has become widespread and is now found in many regions around the world. Catnip is well-known for its effects on cats, as many cats exhibit a strong attraction to the plant.

The active compound responsible for the catnip's effects on cats is called nepetalactone. When cats come into contact with catnip, whether by smelling, licking, or rolling on it, they may exhibit various behaviors such as sniffing, licking, rubbing, rolling, and even hyperactive playfulness. These reactions typically last for about 10 to 15 minutes, after which the cat may lose interest. Not all cats are affected by catnip, as sensitivity to it is hereditary and not all cats possess the gene that makes them responsive to nepetalactone.

Catnip is safe for cats and is often used as a form of enrichment or as a training aid. Some cat toys are infused with catnip to encourage play. In addition to its effects on cats, catnip has been used in traditional medicine for humans to make herbal teas with mild sedative properties.

When cats come into contact with catnip, whether by smelling, licking, or rubbing against it, the nepetalactone binds to receptors in their nasal tissue, which then stimulates sensory neurons in the cat's olfactory epithelium. This stimulation leads to a variety of behaviors that are often associated with pleasure and play.

The exact mechanism by which nepetalactone affects cats is not fully understood, but it is believed to mimic feline pheromones, specifically those related to mating behaviors. In the wild, such scents may signal the presence of a potential mate or mark territory, so cats may be naturally drawn to catnip due to these instincts.

It's important to note that not all cats are affected by catnip, as sensitivity to it is inherited and not all cats possess the gene that makes them responsive to nepetalactone. Sensitivity to catnip is hereditary and is not related to a cat's age or gender. Additionally, after exposure to catnip, there is a refractory period during which a cat may not respond to catnip again until some time has passed. The effects of catnip are generally harmless, and it is considered a safe and enjoyable enrichment for many cats.